Styling Form Controls Using Pseudo Classes

WebKit provides a way to give CSS styles to form controls. Some form controls can be styled through pseudo classes. This article will illustrate how we can customize their appearances using the pseudo classes.

Note: These pseudo classes are not standardized and we might change the behavior in the future.

<progress>

By giving "-webkit-appearance: none;", <progress> element creates two internal elements for its rendering. Since each internal element has a pseudo class, you can customize the appearance by changing the style of these pseudo classes.

<progress>
    ┗ <div> ::-webkit-progress-bar
         ┗ <div>::-webkit-progress-value

The default appearance is defined in ​http://trac.webkit.org/browser/trunk/Source/WebCore/css/html.css . Note that the width value of -webkit-progress-value is overwritten internally by WebKit based on the value atribute.

You can find ​an example of <progress> appearance customization in the WebKit test suite.

<meter>

As <progress>, <meter> also creates internal elements for rendering when "-webkit-appearance: none;" is given. Internal elements hierarchy is almost same as <progress>

<meter>
    ┗ <div> ::-webkit-progress-bar
         ┗ <div> ::-webkit-meter-optimum-value, ::-webkit-meter-suboptimum-value, ::-webkit-meter-even-less-good-value

Note that the pseudo class of the second element dynamically changes based on element's value attribute. The width value of -webkit-progress-value is overwritten internally as <progress>.

​An example is also available for <meter> customization in the test suite.

<meter> variations

On Mac OS X, WebKit provides multiple built-in appearances for <meter>.

• -webkit-appearance: continuous-capacity-level-indicator; (Default)
• -webkit-appearance: discrete-capacity-level-indicator;
• -webkit-appearance: relevancy-level-indicator;
• -webkit-appearance: rating-level-indicator;

You can find the rendering result in the test suite:

<input> element

Removing spin buttons for <input type=number>

input::-webkit-inner-spin-button {
  -webkit-appearance: none;
}
input::-webkit-outer-spin-button {
  -webkit-appearance: none;
  margin: 0;
}

Autofill

The autofill color can be styled as of ​WebKit r113511 or later. The background and foreground colors can be overridden from ​their defaults.

input:-webkit-autofill { background: papayaWhip; color: hotPink; }

Date input type

You can disable the native calendar picker by the following code:

<style>
::-webkit-calendar-picker-indicator {
    display: none;
}
</style>
<input type=date id=dateInput>
<script>
dateInput.addEventListener('keydown', function(event) {
    if (event.keyIdentifier == "Down") {
        event.preventDefault()
    }
}, false);
</script>

Note: This doesn't work for iOS, Android, and Blackberry.

There are no ways to specify the date format in the text box. It always reflects OS setting.

Also, there are no ways to styling the native calendar picker.

Form validation message

WebKit r82179 or older

A validation message consists of four div elements with pseudo classes and some nodes for message text. You can customize the appearance by changing the style of these pseudo classes.

<div> ::-webkit-validation-bubble
    ┣ <div> ::-webkit-validation-bubble-top-outer-arrow
    ┣ <div> ::-webkit-validation-bubble-top-inner-arrow
    ┗ <div> ::-webkit-validation-bubble-message
         ┣ <b>
         ┃   ┗ Text node for the validation message
         ┗ Text nodes and <br> elements for the title attribute value

Example

Suppose that you want to modify colors of the validation messages bubble. Add the following CSS declarations:

::-webkit-validation-bubble-message {
    color: <text-color>;
    background: none;
    background-color: <background-color>;
    border-color: <border-color>;
}

::-webkit-validation-bubble-top-outer-arrow {
    border-bottom-color: <border-color>;
}

::-webkit-validation-bubble-top-inner-arrow {
    border-bottom-color: <background-color>;
}

The default appearance is defined around ​http://trac.webkit.org/browser/trunk/Source/WebCore/css/html.css?rev=81155#L588 .

WebKit r82180 or later

A validation message consists of four div elements with pseudo classes and some nodes for message text. You can customize the appearance by changing the style of these pseudo classes.

<div> ::-webkit-validation-bubble
    ┣ <div> ::-webkit-validation-bubble-arrow-clipper
    ┃  ┗ <div> ::-webkit-validation-bubble-arrow
    ┗ <div> ::-webkit-validation-bubble-message
         ┣ <b>
         ┃   ┗ Text node for the validation message
         ┗ Text nodes and <br> elements for the title attribute value

Example

Suppose that you want to modify colors of the validation messages bubble. Add the following CSS declarations:

::-webkit-validation-bubble-message {
    color: <text-color>;
    background: <background-color>;
    border-color: <border-color>;
    -webkit-box-shadow: 0 0 0 0;
}

::-webkit-validation-bubble-arrow {
    background: <background-color>;
    border-color: <border-color>;
    -webkit-box-shadow: 0 0 0 0;
}

Another example:

::-webkit-validation-bubble-message {
    color: #eee;
    background: #000;
    border-color: #444;
    -webkit-box-shadow: 4px 4px 4px rgba(100,100,100,0.5);
}

::-webkit-validation-bubble-message:before {
    content: "";
    display: inline-block;
    width: 16px;
    height: 16px;
    margin-right: 4px;
    background: url(http://trac.webkit.org/export/90202/trunk/Source/WebCore/inspector/front-end/Images/errorMediumIcon.png)
}

::-webkit-validation-bubble-arrow {
    background: #000;
    border-color: #444;
    -webkit-box-shadow: 0 0 0 0;
}

This shows the following bubble:

The default appearance is defined around ​http://trac.webkit.org/browser/trunk/Source/WebCore/css/html.css?rev=82180#L588 .